Anti Schistosomal Drugs
STEP 2: Indications of Anti-schistosomals:
Schistosomiasis is caused by the fluke schistosome.
Praziquantel is the only drug used in treatment of schistosomiasis in Tanzania.
Praziquantel is used in treatment of the common species found in Tanzania which are S. haematobium and S. mansoni.
STEP 3: Contraindications of Anti-schistosomals:
Praziquantel is contraindicated in ocular cysticercosis, as parasite destruction in the eye may cause irreparable damage.
STEP 4: Dose, Dosage and Course of Antischistosomiasis Drugs:
Praziquantel 40mg 60mg/kg body weight as a single dose Or Three doses of 20mg/kg body weight at an interval of 4 to 6 hours for one day.
STEP 5: Side Effects and Adverse Effects of Antischistosomiasis;
Mild and transient adverse effects are common;
they begin within several hours after ingestion and may persist for hours to one day.
Most frequent are headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and lassitude; others include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools, pruritus, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia, and low-grade fever. Mild and transient elevations of liver enzymes have been reported
Several days after starting Praziquantel, low-grade fever, pruritus and skin rashes (macular and urticarial)
STEP 6: Interactions and Precautions of Antischistosomals:
Because the drug induces dizziness and drowsiness, patients should not drive during therapy and should be warned regarding activities requiring particular physical coordination or alertness.
Some workers also caution against use of the drug in spinal neurocysticercosis
Step 7: Key Points:
Schistosomiasis is caused by the fluke schistosome.
Drug of choice is called Praziquantel.
Praziquantel is contraindicated in ocular cysticercosis.
STEP 7: References
Robert, L. Talbert, Gary C. Yee, Gary R. Matzke, Barbara G. Wells, L. Michael. 2014. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach (9th ed.).
New York, McGraw-Hill Education.
Ministry Of Health and Social Welfare. 2013.
Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines List Tanzania Mainland (4th ed.). Dar es salaam, Tanzania government printers.
Sally, S.R, Jeanne C.S. 2000. Introductory Clinical Pharmacology (6th ed) New York, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins School of Pharmaceutical sciences. 2011.
Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar es Salaam, ARDHI University press.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 2007.
Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia (5TH ed). London, pharmaceutical press.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 2009.
British National Formulary (59th ed). London, BMJ Group and RPS Publishing.
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